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Kalām
Tradition · 1 reading
Al-Ghazali’s challenge to necessity introduces theological argument here, though his selected discussion does not stand for every kalām position.
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Guided course · Module 6 · Lesson 31
What can reason establish about causation?
Al-Ghazali challenges causal necessity, and Averroes defends the natural powers of things. What does observation establish, and how does each account explain regularity, conditions and possible exceptions?