Thinker

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Thinker · 1 reading

Leibniz describes a world of many partless, perceiving substances. Their plurality and coordination contrast with Spinoza’s one substance, though they do not by themselves establish uncaused choice.

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  • Guided course · Module 9 · Lesson 49

    One nature or many substances?

    Spinoza argues for one substance, God or Nature, and Leibniz for many monads. For Spinoza, understanding might increase freedom within a necessary order.