Concept
2 readings
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Religious reconstruction
Concept · 2 readings
Religious reconstruction reexamines inherited commitments and institutions. Ambedkar and Iqbal pursue distinct projects; neither supplies a single model of what all religious change must be.
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2 readings · Title A–Z
Guided course · Module 12 · Lesson 70
Freedom, caste and the terms of reform
Ambedkar challenges caste, and Gandhi defends varna as a set of inherited duties. Can equal praise for those duties answer Ambedkar’s demand for freedom?
Guided course · Module 12 · Lesson 73
Reason, tradition and renewal in modern Muslim thought
Iqbal proposes renewing legal interpretation through ijtihad and collective deliberation, and Hallaq challenges a simple history in which interpretation was closed. How much freedom does such renewal allow?