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Administrative standards
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Public measures and assessment can resist favoritism. What goes unchecked when the authority to define standards and punish failure is concentrated?
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Guided course · Module 4 · Lesson 18
Can institutions work without virtuous rulers?
The Han Feizi proposes standards, offices and incentives that do not depend on a virtuous ruler. The lesson weighs the reliability they promise against what strict control can cost, and its checkpoint returns to the grain store where it began.